Dry-type transformers can be used outdoors, but specific conditions and protective measures must be met to ensure their safety and reliability. Here are the main considerations:

Protection Rating

When using dry-type transformers outdoors, they must have an appropriate protection rating (IP rating) to prevent ingress of dust, moisture, and other external environmental factors. Common IP ratings include:

IP23: Protects against solid objects larger than 12.5 mm and water sprays up to 60 degrees from vertical.

IP44: Protects against solid objects larger than 1 mm and water splashing from any direction.

IP54: Provides limited dust ingress protection and protection against water splashing from any direction.

The appropriate IP rating depends on the specific environmental and weather conditions where the transformer will be used.

Environmental Conditions

For outdoor use, transformers must withstand various environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations, humidity, corrosive substances, and precipitation. To adapt to these conditions, dry-type transformers typically require additional coating and anti-corrosion treatments and may need to be housed in protective enclosures or specialized outdoor cabinets.

Ventilation and Cooling

Dry-type transformers rely on natural air or forced air ventilation for cooling. When installed outdoors, adequate ventilation space must be ensured, and direct sunlight should be avoided to prevent overheating. Installing a shade cover or protective canopy can provide additional protection against heat and weather elements.

Maintenance and Inspection

Outdoor environments are more complex, requiring regular inspection and maintenance of dry-type transformers to ensure proper operation. Maintenance tasks include checking terminal connections, insulation conditions, and the cooling system to prevent failures caused by environmental factors.

In summary, dry-type transformers can be used outdoors. Still, they must meet specific protection and installation requirements, such as choosing the right protection rating, providing adequate ventilation and cooling conditions, and conducting regular maintenance and inspections. These measures allow dry-type transformers to operate reliably and safely in various outdoor environments.